Grape Variety refers to a specific type of grape, distinguished by its genetic makeup, which influences its growth, appearance, flavor, and other characteristics. In viticulture (grape growing) and enology (wine making), the term "variety" is used to denote the subspecies or cultivar of Vitis vinifera, the species of grape most commonly used in winemaking. Each grape variety has unique properties that affect the style, flavor profile, and quality of the wine produced from it.

For example, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Chardonnay are all well-known grape varieties, each with distinct flavors, aromas, and characteristics that contribute to the wines' identity. Cabernet Sauvignon is known for its deep color, complex aromatics, and potential for aging, while Merlot is appreciated for its softer, fruitier profile. Chardonnay, a white grape variety, is versatile and can produce a wide range of wine styles from light and crisp to rich and creamy.

Grape varieties can be indigenous to specific regions, where they have been cultivated for centuries, contributing to the region's winemaking identity and traditions. Alternatively, they can be planted in new world wine regions where viticulturists and winemakers aim to match the variety with the ideal terroir (the combination of soil, climate, and topography) to produce high-quality wines.

Understanding grape varieties is fundamental to the study of wine, as each variety responds differently to viticultural practices and winemaking techniques, resulting in the vast diversity of wines available around the world.