## Vitis amurensis (Ruprecht)








### **Technical Ampelographic & Viticultural Profile**

**Title:** *Vitis amurensis* Ruprecht

**Symbol:** VAMUR

**VIVC Code:** 1300 (species entry; no single cultivar code)

**Skin Color:** Dark (black to deep blue berries)

**Berry Color (Wine Potential):** Deep red / purple (high anthocyanins)

**Skin Thickness:** Thick (excellent rot resistance)

---

### **Phenology & Biology**

* **Budding:** Very early

* **Ripening:** Early to mid-season (adapted to short growing seasons)

* **Sex:** Dioecious (male and female plants separate; some hermaphrodite selections exist)

* **Species:** *Vitis amurensis* (wild Asian species)

* **Is Aromatic:** Generally neutral to lightly aromatic

* **Is Teinturier:** No (pigment mainly in skins, not pulp)

---

### **Morphology (Ampelography)**

* **Leaf Profile:**

* Medium to large, 3–5 lobed

* Coarsely serrated margins

* Slightly pubescent underside

* **Cluster:**

* Small to medium, loose to moderately compact

* **Berries:**

* Small, spherical

* Thick-skinned, high acidity

---

### **Ecology & Adaptation**

* **Climate:**

* Extremely cold-hardy (down to −35 to −40 °C)

* Native to continental monsoon climates

* **Soil:**

* Prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soils

* Tolerates poor, forest-type soils

---

### **Origin & Taxonomy**

* **Origin Country:** Russia / China / Korea

* **Natural Habitat:** Amur River basin forests

* **Authority:** Franz Josef Ruprecht

* **Type:** Wild species (not a cultivar)

---

### **Genetics & Breeding Role**

* **Parentage:** Wild species (no defined parents)

* **Use in Breeding:**

Critical for cold-resistant hybrids, especially crosses with *Vitis vinifera*.

**Important Hybrids / Derivatives:**

* Zarya Severa

* Severny

* Rondo

* Cabernet Cortis

---

### **Viticultural Characteristics**

* Extremely resistant to:

* Frost

* Downy mildew

* Some fungal diseases

* High vigor

* Requires canopy control in cultivation

* Naturally high acidity and low sugar accumulation

---

### **Aroma & Taste Profile**

* **Primary Notes:**

* Tart red berries (cranberry, sour cherry)

* Herbal, forest floor

* **Structure:**

* Very high acidity

* Moderate tannins

* Low alcohol potential (without breeding/improvement)

---

### **Enological Role**

* Rarely used pure for quality wine

* Primarily used in:

* Hybrid breeding programs

* Cold-climate viticulture development

* Improves:

* Frost resistance

* Disease tolerance

---

### **Summary**

*Vitis amurensis* is one of the most important non-*vinifera* grape species in global viticulture—not for its direct wine quality, but for its **genetic contribution to cold-climate grape breeding**. Its extreme frost resistance and disease tolerance make it indispensable for expanding viticulture into harsh continental climates.

========================================================

## OIV Ampelographic Descriptor System for Vitis amurensis








The **OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine)** descriptor system is a **standardized ampelographic coding scheme** used globally to describe grapevine morphology, phenology, and agronomic traits.

Each descriptor has:

* A **code (e.g., OIV 001)**

* A **trait definition**

* A **discrete scale (usually 1–9)**

Below is a **technical OIV descriptor profile adapted specifically to *Vitis amurensis*** (based on species-level observations; note: variability exists among wild populations and selections).

---

# **1. Young Shoot (OIV 001–016)**

| Code | Descriptor | Typical Expression (*V. amurensis*) |

| ----------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |

| **OIV 001** | Young shoot tip shape | Fully open |

| **OIV 002** | Tip hair density | Medium to high |

| **OIV 003** | Anthocyanin coloration | Strong |

| **OIV 004** | Erect hairs (tip) | Medium |

| **OIV 005** | Prostrate hairs (tip) | High |

| **OIV 006** | Internode color (dorsal) | Green with red stripes |

| **OIV 007** | Internode color (ventral) | Green |

| **OIV 008** | Node color | Reddish |

**Interpretation:**

Strong anthocyanin coloration is a key marker distinguishing *amurensis* from many *vinifera* cultivars.

---

# **2. Young Leaf (OIV 051–054)**

| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------ |

| **OIV 051** | Upper side color | Green with bronze/reddish tint |

| **OIV 052** | Hair density (upper) | Low |

| **OIV 053** | Hair density (lower) | Medium |

| **OIV 054** | Leaf surface texture | Slightly blistered |

---

# **3. Mature Leaf (OIV 065–093)**







| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- |

| **OIV 065** | Leaf size | Medium to large |

| **OIV 067** | Leaf shape | Pentagonal |

| **OIV 068** | Number of lobes | 3–5 (often 5) |

| **OIV 070** | Anthocyanin on veins | Present |

| **OIV 072** | Teeth shape | Both convex/straight |

| **OIV 076** | Petiole sinus | Open to slightly overlapping |

| **OIV 079** | Upper lateral sinuses | Deep |

| **OIV 084** | Hair density (lower surface) | Medium to high |

| **OIV 093** | Autumn coloration | Very strong red |

**Key diagnostic trait:**

➡️ Intense **red autumn foliage** — much stronger than typical *Vitis vinifera*.

---

# **4. Inflorescence & Flower (OIV 151–154)**

| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | ----------------- | -------------------------------- |

| **OIV 151** | Flower sex | Dioecious (male/female separate) |

| **OIV 152** | Flower morphology | Functionally unisexual |

| **OIV 154** | Fertility | Variable (depends on sex type) |

---

# **5. Bunch (Cluster) (OIV 202–208)**

| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | --------------- | --------------- |

| **OIV 202** | Bunch size | Small to medium |

| **OIV 203** | Bunch length | Short |

| **OIV 204** | Bunch density | Loose to medium |

| **OIV 206** | Peduncle length | Medium |

| **OIV 208** | Lignification | Partial |

---

# **6. Berry (OIV 220–243)**





| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | ------------------ | ----------------------- |

| **OIV 220** | Berry size | Small |

| **OIV 223** | Berry shape | Round |

| **OIV 225** | Skin color | Dark blue-black |

| **OIV 227** | Skin thickness | Thick |

| **OIV 230** | Flesh pigmentation | Absent (not teinturier) |

| **OIV 235** | Juice sweetness | Low |

| **OIV 236** | Juice acidity | Very high |

| **OIV 241** | Seed number | 2–3 |

| **OIV 243** | Seed size | Medium |

---

# **7. Phenology (OIV 301–303)**

| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | --------------- | ---------- |

| **OIV 301** | Budburst timing | Very early |

| **OIV 302** | Flowering time | Early |

| **OIV 303** | Ripening time | Early–mid |

---

# **8. Resistance & Adaptation (OIV 401–405)**

| Code | Descriptor | Expression |

| ----------- | ------------------------- | -------------- |

| **OIV 401** | Frost resistance | Extremely high |

| **OIV 402** | Drought tolerance | Moderate |

| **OIV 403** | Downy mildew resistance | High |

| **OIV 404** | Powdery mildew resistance | Moderate |

| **OIV 405** | Botrytis resistance | High |

---

# **9. Key Diagnostic OIV Signature of *Vitis amurensis***

A trained ampelographer would identify the species by this **combination of OIV traits**:

* Strong anthocyanin coloration of shoots (**OIV 003**)

* Dioecious flowers (**OIV 151**)

* Small, acidic berries (**OIV 220 + 236**)

* Deeply lobed leaves (**OIV 068**)

* Very high frost resistance (**OIV 401**)

* Intense red autumn coloration (**OIV 093**)

---

# **Important Technical Note**

Unlike cultivated varieties of *Vitis vinifera*, *Vitis amurensis* shows:

* **High intra-species variability**

* Frequent **ecotype differentiation**

* OIV descriptors may shift depending on:

* Geographic origin (Russia vs China populations)

* Hybridization level

---

## **Summary**

The OIV descriptor table for *Vitis amurensis* highlights a grapevine species optimized by nature for **extreme climates**, identifiable by a unique combination of:

* **Cold hardiness**

* **High acidity**

* **Distinct leaf morphology and pigmentation**

---

If you want, I can provide a **full comparative OIV matrix: *Vitis amurensis* vs *Vitis vinifera* vs *Vitis labrusca*** or go into **numeric scoring scales (1–9) used in official OIV sheets**.